FreeIPA and NFSv4

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This document describes using NFSv4 with [http://freeipa.org/page/Main_Page FreeIPA].
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This has been moved to [[NFS and FreeIPA]].
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Historically, configuring a secure NFSv4 export (or even a client) has been challenging, especially when it requires setting up of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol) Kerberos] realm.
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FreeIPA provides a packaged service of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol) Kerberos 5], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDAP LDAP] and helper software (ntp, httpd for admin interface, etc) with both a cli and web-based admin interface.
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= Notes =
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*These instructions are for [http://www.fedora.org/ Fedora 15].  Other distros will require similar setup - the key differences will be:
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**a package installation tool other than yum
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**a different config file layout
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*This example uses a private network (192.168.56.0/24) with a fake DNS realm (example.fake).  Using real IPs with a real DNS server should be very similar.
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*For simplicity, this domain only has one server '''server.example.fake''' (also the KDC/FreeIPA server) and one client '''client1.example.fake'''.
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*This example is running on a NAT'd private network, so I just turned off the firewall on the server.  You probably shouldn't do that!  You'll need to allow traffic on:
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** port 53 (TCP and UDP) for named
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** port 80, 443 (TCP) for httpd (FreeIPA web interface)
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** ports 88 and 464 (TCP and UDP) for Kerberos
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** ports 389, 636 (TCP and UDP) for LDAP
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** ports 123 (UDP) for NTP (network time protocol)
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** port 2049 (TCP and UDP) for NFS
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*SELinux is in 'permissive' mode.  Running in 'enforced' mode will require additional steps.
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*You must be root on both the client and server to run (most of) these commands.  In this example, all commands are run as root.
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= Configure DNS realm =
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You might not need to do this.  If you're just setting up a client of FreeIPA, you can skip this section entirely. 
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== Configure existing DNS realm ==
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Make sure the full DNS names and reverse mappings for server(s) and client(s) are in DNS.
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<pre>
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[root@client1 ~]# nslookup server.example.fake
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Server: 192.168.56.20
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Address: 192.168.56.20#53
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Name: server.example.fake
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Address: 192.168.56.20
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[root@client1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.56.20
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Server: 192.168.56.20
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Address: 192.168.56.20#53
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20.56.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = server.example.fake.
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[root@client1 ~]# nslookup client1.example.fake
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Server: 192.168.56.20
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Address: 192.168.56.20#53
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Name: client1.example.fake
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Address: 192.168.56.40
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[root@client1 ~]# nslookup 192.168.56.40
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Server: 192.168.56.20
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Address: 192.168.56.20#53
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40.56.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = client1.example.fake.
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</pre>
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To make auto-discovery work, you have to add the following service entries to the zone file for your domain:
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<pre>
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; DNS auto discovery of services
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_ldap._tcp      SRV 10 10 389 server.example.fake.
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_kerberos._udp  SRV 10 10 88 server.example.fake.
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_kerberos._tcp  SRV 10 10 88 server.example.fake.
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</pre>
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== Test Setup ==
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To use kerberos with NFSv4, you must have DNS configured (and reverse mapping) for the server and every client.
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For testing NFS, it's useful to make a fake DNS domain that you have control over.  If you wish, follow the instructions here: [[Fake_DNS_Realm|Create a fake DNS realm for testing]].  If you are using a real DNS domain, these instructions should point you in the right direction.
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= Install and configure the FreeIPA server =
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Install and configure the FreeIPA software on the server (server.example.fake).
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== Install the FreeIPA server and admintools package ==
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This step fetches and installs FreeIPA and it's dependencies.  Other linux distros will have a similar command.
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<pre>
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[root@server ~]# yum install freeipa-server freeipa-admintools
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</pre>
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== Configure FreeIPA server ==
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Run the '''ipa-server-install''' program.  This takes a while.
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All of the default answers should work if DNS hostnames and services are set up correctly and the full domain name is returned by hostname.
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<pre>
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[root@server ~]# ipa-server-install
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The log file for this installation can be found in /var/log/ipaserver-install.log
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==============================================================================
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This program will set up the FreeIPA Server.
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This includes:
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  * Configure the Network Time Daemon (ntpd)
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  * Create and configure an instance of Directory Server
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  * Create and configure a Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC)
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  * Configure Apache (httpd)
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To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
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Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer
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on which you're setting up server software. Using the form
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<hostname>.<domainname>
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Example: master.example.com.
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Server host name [server.example.fake]:
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The domain name has been calculated based on the host name.
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Please confirm the domain name [example.fake]:
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The IPA Master Server will be configured with
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Hostname:    server.example.fake
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IP address:  192.168.56.20
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Domain name: example.fake
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The kerberos protocol requires a Realm name to be defined.
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This is typically the domain name converted to uppercase.
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Please provide a realm name [EXAMPLE.FAKE]:
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Certain directory server operations require an administrative user.
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This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and has full access
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to the Directory for system management tasks and will be added to the
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instance of directory server created for IPA.
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The password must be at least 8 characters long.
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Directory Manager password:
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Password (confirm):
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The IPA server requires an administrative user, named 'admin'.
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This user is a regular system account used for IPA server administration.
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IPA admin password:
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Password (confirm):
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The following operations may take some minutes to complete.
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Please wait until the prompt is returned.
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Configuring ntpd
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  [1/4]: stopping ntpd
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  [2/4]: writing configuration
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  [3/4]: configuring ntpd to start on boot
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  [4/4]: starting ntpd
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done configuring ntpd.
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Configuring directory server for the CA: Estimated time 30 seconds
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  [1/3]: creating directory server user
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  [2/3]: creating directory server instance
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  [3/3]: restarting directory server
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done configuring pkids.
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Configuring certificate server: Estimated time 6 minutes
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  [1/17]: creating certificate server user
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  [2/17]: creating pki-ca instance
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  [3/17]: restarting certificate server
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  [4/17]: configuring certificate server instance
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  [5/17]: restarting certificate server
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  [6/17]: creating CA agent PKCS#12 file in /root
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  [7/17]: creating RA agent certificate database
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  [8/17]: importing CA chain to RA certificate database
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  [9/17]: restarting certificate server
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  [10/17]: requesting RA certificate from CA
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  [11/17]: issuing RA agent certificate
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  [12/17]: adding RA agent as a trusted user
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  [13/17]: fixing RA database permissions
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  [14/17]: setting up signing cert profile
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  [15/17]: set up CRL publishing
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  [16/17]: configuring certificate server to start on boot
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  [17/17]: restarting certificate server
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done configuring pki-cad.
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Configuring directory server: Estimated time 1 minute
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  [1/32]: creating directory server user
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  [2/32]: creating directory server instance
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  [3/32]: adding default schema
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  [4/32]: enabling memberof plugin
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  [5/32]: enabling referential integrity plugin
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  [6/32]: enabling winsync plugin
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  [7/32]: configuring replication version plugin
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  [8/32]: enabling IPA enrollment plugin
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  [9/32]: enabling ldapi
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  [10/32]: configuring uniqueness plugin
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  [11/32]: configuring uuid plugin
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  [12/32]: configuring modrdn plugin
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  [13/32]: enabling entryUSN plugin
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  [14/32]: configuring lockout plugin
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  [15/32]: creating indices
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  [16/32]: configuring ssl for ds instance
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  [17/32]: configuring certmap.conf
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  [18/32]: configure autobind for root
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  [19/32]: restarting directory server
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  [20/32]: adding default layout
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  [21/32]: adding delegation layout
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  [22/32]: adding replication acis
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  [23/32]: configuring user private groups
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  [24/32]: configuring netgroups from hostgroups
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  [25/32]: creating default Sudo bind user
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  [26/32]: creating default HBAC rule allow_all
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  [27/32]: initializing group membership
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  [28/32]: adding master entry
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  [29/32]: configuring Posix uid/gid generation
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  [30/32]: enabling compatibility plugin
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  [31/32]: tuning directory server
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  [32/32]: configuring directory to start on boot
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done configuring dirsrv.
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Configuring Kerberos KDC: Estimated time 30 seconds
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  [1/14]: setting KDC account password
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  [2/14]: adding sasl mappings to the directory
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  [3/14]: adding kerberos entries to the DS
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  [4/14]: adding default ACIs
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  [5/14]: configuring KDC
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  [6/14]: adding default keytypes
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  [7/14]: adding default password policy
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  [8/14]: creating a keytab for the directory
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  [9/14]: creating a keytab for the machine
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  [10/14]: exporting the kadmin keytab
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  [11/14]: adding the password extension to the directory
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  [12/14]: adding the kerberos master key to the directory
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  [13/14]: starting the KDC
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  [14/14]: configuring KDC to start on boot
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done configuring krb5kdc.
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Configuring ipa_kpasswd
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  [1/2]: starting ipa_kpasswd
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  [2/2]: configuring ipa_kpasswd to start on boot
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done configuring ipa_kpasswd.
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Configuring the web interface: Estimated time 1 minute
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  [1/12]: disabling mod_ssl in httpd
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  [2/12]: setting mod_nss port to 443
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  [3/12]: setting mod_nss password file
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  [4/12]: adding URL rewriting rules
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  [5/12]: configuring httpd
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  [6/12]: setting up ssl
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  [7/12]: setting up browser autoconfig
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  [8/12]: publish CA cert
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  [9/12]: creating a keytab for httpd
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  [10/12]: configuring SELinux for httpd
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  [11/12]: restarting httpd
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  [12/12]: configuring httpd to start on boot
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done configuring httpd.
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Setting the certificate subject base
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restarting certificate server
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Applying LDAP updates
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Restarting the directory server
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Restarting the KDC
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Restarting the web server
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Sample zone file for bind has been created in /tmp/sample.zone.I_fDwT.db
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==============================================================================
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Setup complete
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Next steps:
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1. You must make sure these network ports are open:
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TCP Ports:
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  * 80, 443: HTTP/HTTPS
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  * 389, 636: LDAP/LDAPS
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  * 88, 464: kerberos
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UDP Ports:
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  * 88, 464: kerberos
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  * 123: ntp
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2. You can now obtain a kerberos ticket using the command: 'kinit admin'
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  This ticket will allow you to use the IPA tools (e.g., ipa user-add)
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  and the web user interface.
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Be sure to back up the CA certificate stored in /root/cacert.p12
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This file is required to create replicas. The password for this
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file is the Directory Manager password
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</pre>
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=== Common Problems ===
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'''ipa-server-install --uninstall''' is useful if you encounter an error on running '''ipa-server-install'''.  Some common issues are: selinux being enabled, iptables blocking ports.  Upon successful installation of IPA, '''ipa-server-install --uninstall''' doesn't seem to cleanup everything needed to run '''ipa-server-install''' again.
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= Install and configure FreeIPA client(s) =
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Install the '''freeipa-client''' package on each client of the FreeIPA domain.
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== Install the FreeIPA client package ==
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Fetch and install the FreeIPA client.
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<pre>
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[root@client1 ~]# yum install freeipa-client
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...
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</pre>
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== Configure the FreeIPA client ==
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Again, if DNS is setup correctly and '''hostname''' returns the full DNS name, the default answers should work.
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You want to use "admin" (the administrator user you created when configuring the FreeIPA server) as the enrollment principal.
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<pre>
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[root@client1 ~]# ipa-client-install
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Discovery was successful!
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Hostname: client1.example.fake
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Realm: EXAMPLE.FAKE
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DNS Domain: example.fake
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IPA Server: server.example.fake
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BaseDN: dc=example,dc=fake
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Continue to configure the system with these values? [no]: yes
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Enrollment principal: admin
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Password for admin@EXAMPLE.FAKE:
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Enrolled in IPA realm EXAMPLE.FAKE
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Created /etc/ipa/default.conf
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Configured /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
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Configured /etc/krb5.conf for IPA realm EXAMPLE.FAKE
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SSSD enabled
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Kerberos 5 enabled
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NTP enabled
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Client configuration complete.
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</pre>
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=== Common Problems ===
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<pre>
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Joining realm failed because of failing XML-RPC request.
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  This error may be caused by incompatible server/client major versions.
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</pre>
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This was seen on older Fedora 15 installs, but has since been fixed (on yum 'update' repositories).
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The problem and workaround are described here: https://www.redhat.com/archives/freeipa-users/2011-July/msg00029.html
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= Setup the NFS service principal =
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The next step is to setup a kerberos principal for the NFS service on the server.  Service principals are of the form '''<service>/<host>''', so for this example it's '''nfs/server.example.fake'''.  Only servers need service tickets.
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== Add service principal to FreeIPA ==
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You can also do this through the FreeIPA web administration interface.  See: [https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/15/html/FreeIPA_Guide/using-the-ui.html Using the FreeIPA Web UI]
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<pre>
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[root@server ~]# ipa service-add nfs/server.example.fake
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----------------------------------------------------
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Added service "nfs/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE"
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----------------------------------------------------
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  Principal: nfs/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE
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  Managed by: server.example.fake
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</pre>
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== Import FreeIPA NFS service tickets on the server ==
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Now FreeIPA has a service ticket for NFS on the server, but the server must be able to access it in the host keytab '''/etc/krb5.keytab'''.
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<pre>
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[root@server ~]# ipa-getkeytab -s server.example.fake -p nfs/server.example.fake -k /etc/krb5.keytab
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Keytab successfully retrieved and stored in: /etc/krb5.keytab
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</pre>
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Check to see what's in the keytab:
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<pre>
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[root@server ~]# klist -ke /etc/krb5.keytab
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Keytab name: WRFILE:/etc/krb5.keytab
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KVNO Principal
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---- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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  2 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96)
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  2 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96)
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  2 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (des3-cbc-sha1)
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  2 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (arcfour-hmac)
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  2 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (des-hmac-sha1)
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  2 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (des-cbc-md5)
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  1 nfs/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96)
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  1 nfs/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96)
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  1 nfs/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (des3-cbc-sha1)
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  1 nfs/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (arcfour-hmac)
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  3 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96)
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  3 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (aes128-cts-hmac-sha1-96)
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  3 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (des3-cbc-sha1)
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  3 host/server.example.fake@EXAMPLE.FAKE (arcfour-hmac)
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</pre>
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=== Older distros ===
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Older kernel and nfs-utils packages will require the use of the encryption type 'des-cbc-crc' ([http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Enterprise_Identity_Management_Guide/sect-Enterprise_Identity_Management_Guide-Configuring_Service_Principals-Configuring_an_NFS_Service_Principal_on_the_IPA_Server.html more]). 
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To do this add the flag '''-e des-cbc-crc''' to '''ipa-getkeytab''' and make sure '''klist -ke /etc/krb5.keytab''' ONLY shows des keys.
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= Turn on "Secure NFS" on both client(s) and server =
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== Fedora 16 ==
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Fedora 16 has changed this setup quite a bit:
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=== Server ===
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On the server you have to enable the '''nfs-secure-server''' service:
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<pre>
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[root@server ~]$ service nfs-secure-server enable
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Redirecting to /bin/systemctl  enable nfs-secure-server.service
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ln -s '/lib/systemd/system/nfs-secure-server.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-secure-server.service'
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[root@server ~]$ service nfs-secure-server start
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Redirecting to /bin/systemctl  start nfs-secure-server.service
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</pre>
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=== Client ===
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On the client you have to enable the '''nfs-secure''' service:
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<pre>
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[root@client1 ~]$ service nfs-secure enable
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Redirecting to /bin/systemctl  enable nfs-secure.service
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ln -s '/lib/systemd/system/nfs-secure.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-secure.service'
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[root@client1 ~]$ service nfs-secure start
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Redirecting to /bin/systemctl  start nfs-secure.service
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-
</pre>
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== Fedora 15 ==
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This turns on NFS secure mounts and enables rpc.gssd and rpc.svcgssd services.
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-
Edit these lines in file "/etc/sysconfig/nfs":
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-
<pre>
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-
# Set to turn on Secure NFS mounts.
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SECURE_NFS="yes"
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# Optional arguments passed to rpc.gssd. See rpc.gssd(8)
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RPCGSSDARGS="-vvv"
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# Optional arguments passed to rpc.svcgssd. See rpc.svcgssd(8)
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RPCSVCGSSDARGS="-vvv"
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</pre>
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The -vvv flags are for better debugging output in file "/var/log/messages".
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To pick up the changes, you must restart nfs services:
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<pre>
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# service nfs restart
+
-
Restarting nfs (via systemctl):                            [  OK  ]
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# service rpcgssd restart
+
-
Restarting rpcgssd (via systemctl):                        [  OK  ]
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# service rpcsvcgssd restart
+
-
Restarting rpcsvcgssd (via systemctl):                    [  OK  ]
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
This must be run on both clients and servers.
+
-
 
+
-
= Hosts' full DNS name in /etc/hosts =
+
-
 
+
-
This is no longer true for fedora 16.
+
-
 
+
-
Older nfs-util program 'rpc.gssd' (or is this kerberos?) requires that the full dns name of the host be in /etc/hosts.  The full DNS name must be the only entry on that line.
+
-
 
+
-
On the server:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@server ~]# cat /etc/hosts
+
-
127.0.0.1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
+
-
::1        localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
+
-
 
+
-
192.168.56.20 server.example.fake
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
This must be done on the client(s) as well:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
+
-
127.0.0.1  localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
+
-
::1        localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
+
-
 
+
-
192.168.56.40 client1.example.fake
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
= Set up /etc/exports on the server =
+
-
 
+
-
Edit file "/etc/exports".  This makes one krb5 mountpoint of /export to be mounted as "/" or "/export".
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
/export *(rw,sec=krb5,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
Have the nfs server pick up the changes:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[dros@server ~]$ sudo exportfs  -r -v
+
-
exporting *:/export
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
 
+
-
Now exportfs should show the mount:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@server ~]# exportfs -av
+
-
exporting *:/export
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
= For Older Systems: Allow Kerberos to use "weak crypto" =
+
-
 
+
-
If you didn't force des-cbc-crc, you can skip this section.
+
-
 
+
-
If you needed to use '''-e des-cbc-crc''', you'll have to edit the /etc/krb5.conf on the server and client(s).
+
-
 
+
-
Edit file '/etc/krb5.conf':
+
-
 
+
-
In section "libdefaults", add the line:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
allow_weak_crypto = true
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
The "libdefaults" section should look something like this:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[libdefaults]
+
-
  default_realm = EXAMPLE.FAKE
+
-
  dns_lookup_realm = false
+
-
  dns_lookup_kdc = false
+
-
  rdns = false
+
-
  ticket_lifetime = 24h
+
-
  forwardable = yes
+
-
  allow_weak_crypto = true
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
= Mount the filesystem =
+
-
 
+
-
The moment of truth! 
+
-
 
+
-
On a client, run mount with '''-o sec=krb5''':
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# mount -v -t nfs -o sec=krb5 server.example.fake:/ /mnt
+
-
mount.nfs4: timeout set for Tue Jul 19 22:36:46 2011
+
-
mount.nfs4: trying text-based options 'sec=krb5,addr=192.168.56.20,clientaddr=192.168.56.40'
+
-
server.example.fake:/ on /mnt type nfs4 (rw,sec=krb5)
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
Now test it:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# echo "test" > /mnt/example.com
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# cat /mnt/example.com
+
-
test
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
If you run in to problems, see [[ProblemsMounting|Problems Mounting]].
+
-
 
+
-
= Test the NFS mount as another user =
+
-
 
+
-
This section covers testing the NFS mount with other users.
+
-
 
+
-
== Add another user ==
+
-
 
+
-
First, we need to add another user to FreeIPA.
+
-
 
+
-
This must be run with credentials. On the '''server''', run:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@server ~]# ipa user-add someguy
+
-
First name: guy
+
-
Last name: someone
+
-
--------------------
+
-
Added user "someguy"
+
-
--------------------
+
-
  User login: someguy
+
-
  First name: guy
+
-
  Last name: someone
+
-
  Full name: guy someone
+
-
  Display name: guy someone
+
-
  Initials: gs
+
-
  Home directory: /home/someguy
+
-
  GECOS field: guy someone
+
-
  Login shell: /bin/sh
+
-
  Kerberos principal: someguy@EXAMPLE.FAKE
+
-
  UID: 25400004
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
Now set a temporary password for the user.  The first time the user logs in, they must change it to something new.
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@server ~]# ipa passwd someguy
+
-
Password:
+
-
Enter Password again to verify:
+
-
-------------------------------------------
+
-
Changed password for "someguy@EXAMPLE.FAKE"
+
-
-------------------------------------------
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
== Test NFS ==
+
-
 
+
-
Now there is a new user on the client(s)!
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
[root@client1 ~]# su someguy
+
-
sh-4.2$ id
+
-
uid=25400004(someguy) gid=25400004(someguy) groups=25400004(someguy),25400001(ipausers) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
Authenticate as the user:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
sh-4.2$ kinit
+
-
Password for someguy@EXAMPLE.FAKE:
+
-
Password expired.  You must change it now.
+
-
Enter new password:
+
-
Enter it again:
+
-
</pre>
+
-
 
+
-
Now test NFS:
+
-
 
+
-
<pre>
+
-
sh-4.2$ echo bar > /mnt/foo
+
-
sh-4.2$ cat /mnt/foo
+
-
bar
+
-
sh-4.2$ ls -l /mnt
+
-
total 12
+
-
-rw-r--r--. 1 nobody  nobody  4 Jul 19 17:22 bar
+
-
-rw-r--r--. 1 nobody  nobody  5 Jul 19 22:35 example.com
+
-
-rw-r--r--. 1 someguy someguy 4 Jul 19 22:44 foo
+
-
</pre>
+

Latest revision as of 02:48, 1 March 2012

This has been moved to NFS and FreeIPA.

Retrieved from "http://linux-nfs.org/wiki/index.php/FreeIPA_and_NFSv4"
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